#BodyTalkWithCosmo: Your gums are on a hormonal rollercoaster—and yes, your cycle might be to blame

A woman’s body goes through a unique journey of hormonal shifts, from monthly cycles to pregnancy and menopause. As normal (and powerful) as these changes are, they often bring unexpected challenges, such as issues with oral health. Who would’ve thought your gums are affected by your hormones?

According to our expert, Dr Reshma Shah—a preventive and pediatric dentist and founder of 32 Reasons Multispeciality Dental Centre—gum sensitivity spikes during hormonal fluctuations, and most women don’t even realise it. “The first step to empowerment,” she says, “is learning how to listen to your body—and take care of it at every stage.”

Why do your gums hate your period?

Blame it on estrogen and progesterone. These hormones fluctuate during menstruation, leading to increased blood flow to the gums. The result? Swelling, redness, bleeding, and sometimes gingivitis (a mild gum disease). “Gingivitis makes gums red, irritated, and more prone to bleeding—especially around your period,” explains Shah.

Pregnancy hormones = more plaque problems

During pregnancy, particularly in the first trimester, estrogen levels rise, making you more susceptible to gum inflammation and plaque buildup. “By the second trimester, make sure to get a professional dental cleaning,” Shah advises. “It helps remove tartar and plaque before it causes serious damage.”

Menopause and your mouth: The forgotten connection

When estrogen levels drop during menopause, your gums may start to recede, and you could even face tooth loss or dry mouth. “Some women experience a burning sensation or changes in the oral mucosa,” she adds. (FYI: that’s the tissue lining inside your mouth, which can get thinner over time.)

The doctor’s order: brush, floss, hydrate, repeat

Shah recommends brushing twice a day, flossing regularly, and visiting your dentist at least twice a year. Living in a humid city like Mumbai, hydration is key. “Drink coconut water or plain water throughout the day if your mouth feels dry,” she suggests. Nutritional gaps can also show up in your smile. “Keep an eye on your calcium, vitamin D, and especially vitamin C levels,” she warns. “Low vitamin C is a common reason for bleeding gums.”

What to eat (and avoid) for healthy gums

Some of Dr Shah’s top dietary suggestions for healthy gums include dairy products like cheese and yoghurt, crunchy fruits and vegetables such as apples and carrots, nuts that help stimulate saliva, green tea for an added gum-health boost, and omega-3s to reduce inflammation. “And while cheat days are fine—we all need them—don’t skip your leafy greens,” she adds. “Spinach, kale, and other greens help keep your gums healthy from the inside out.” She also suggests avoiding candies, sugary drinks, and sodas as much as possible. Your gums will thank you.

Essential tools for your dental health

When it comes to essential tools for your dental health, start with a soft-bristled electric toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste. You can also consider adding a water flosser to your routine for a deeper clean. And as tempting as mouthwash may be, skip it—“It messes with your oral microbiome,” she warns.

Listen to your body—your smile depends on it

Shah believes the connection between hormonal health and oral hygiene is often ignored, not just by patients, but by dentists too. That’s why conversations like this are important. “Taking care of your mouth doesn’t need to be complicated,” she says. “Just be consistent. Stay hydrated, eat wisely, and know what’s happening inside your body. Small steps make all the difference.”

Your smile is a reflection of your overall health, so don’t overlook it.

Lead image: Pexels

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